Pregled i primjena fluidne spojnice

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Pregled spojnice za tekućinu

Tekućina is a mechanical device used to transmit rotational power from one shaft to another. It consists of three components: the housing, the input turbine, and the output turbine. The driving turbine, also known as the ‘pump', is rotated by the primary mover such as an internal combustion engine or electric powered . The hydraulic fluid in the coupling is directed by the ‘pump', whose shape forces the flow in the direction of the ‘output turbine'.

The motion of the fluid is toroidal, traveling in one direction on paths that can be visualized as being on the top of a torus. When there is a difference between input and output angular velocities, the toroidal motion has a circular element, and a net pressure on the result turbine leads to a torque; therefore, it rotates in the same direction as the pump.

Brzina zaustavljanja

An essential characteristic of a fluid coupling is its stall speed, defined as the best speed at which the pump can turn when the output turbine is locked and maximum input power is applied. Under stall conditions, all of the engine's power will be dissipated in the fluid coupling as heat, which can cause damage.

Step-Circuit Coupling

An adjustment to the simple fluid coupling is the step-circuit coupling, developed by the Fluidrive Engineering Organization. The STC coupling consists of a reservoir to which some of the oil gravitates when the output shaft is stalled. This decreases the “drag” on the input shaft, leading to reduced fuel intake when idling and a reduction in the vehicle's tendency to “creep”. When the output shaft starts to rotate, the oil is thrown out of the reservoir by centrifugal force and returns to the main body of the coupling, ensuring that normal power transmission is restored.

Skliznuti

A fluid coupling cannot develop output torque when the input and output angular velocities are identical. Hence, a fluid coupling cannot achieve 100 percent power transmission performance. Some power will be lost in fluid friction and turbulence, dissipated as heat. Its efficiency will increase gradually with increasing scale, as measured by the Reynolds number.

Hidraulična tekućina

As a fluid coupling operates kinetically, low viscosity liquids are preferred. In most cases, multi-grade motor oils or automatic transmission fluids are used. Increasing the density of the fluid increases the torque that can be transmitted at a given input speed. However, hydraulic fluids are subject to changes in viscosity with temperature changes, which leads to a change in transmission performance. Hence, when unwanted performance change needs to be kept to a minimum, a motor oil or automatic transmission fluid with a high viscosity index should be used.

Hydrodynamic Braking

Fluid couplings may also act as hydrodynamic brakes, dissipating rotational energy as heat through frictional forces (both viscous and fluid/container). When used for braking, it is also known as a retarder.

Primjene za fluidno spajanje

industrijski

Fluid couplings are commonly used in industrial applications involving rotational power, particularly in machine drives that involve high-inertia starts or constant cyclic loading.

Željeznički prijevoz

Fluid couplings are used in some Diesel locomotives within the power transmission system. Self-Changing Gears made semi-automatic transmissions for British Rail, and Voith produce turbo-transmissions for railcars and diesel multiple units that contain various combinations of fluid couplings and torque converters.

Autokuće

Fluid couplings were used in a variety of early semi-automated transmissions and automated transmissions. Since the late 1940s, the hydrodynamic torque converter has replaced the fluid coupling in motor vehicle applications. In motor vehicle applications, the pump is typically connected to the flywheel of the engine, and the turbine is connected to the input shaft of the transmission.

Fluid flywheels are best known for their use in Daimler cars together with a Wilson pre-selector gearbox. Daimler used these throughout their range of luxury vehicles, until switching to automatic gearboxes with the 1958 Majestic. Daimler and Alvis were both also known for their military vehicles and armored vehicles, some of which also used the combination of pre-selector gearbox and fluid flywheel.

Zrakoplovstvo

The most prominent usage of fluid couplings in aeronautical applications was in the DB 601, DB 603, and DB 605 engines, where it was used as a barometrically controlled hydraulic clutch for the centrifugal compressor and the Wright turbo-substance reciprocating engine, in which three power recovery turbines extracted approximately 20 percent of the energy or about 500 horsepower from the engine's exhaust gases and, using three fluid couplings and gearing, converted low-torque high-speed turbine rotation to low-speed, high-torque output to drive the propeller.

Promocija proizvoda EVER-POWER GROUP

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PITANJA I ODGOVORI

1. Što je fluidna spojka?

A fluid coupling is a mechanical device used to transmit rotational power from one shaft to another, consisting of three components: the housing, input turbine, and output turbine.

2. What is stall speed?

Stall speed is the highest speed at which the pump can turn when the output turbine is locked, and maximum input power is applied.

3. What is a step-circuit coupling?

A step-circuit coupling is an adjustment to the simple fluid coupling that consists of a reservoir to which some of the oil gravitates when the output shaft is stalled, decreasing the “drag” on the input shaft.

4. What is the hydraulic fluid used in a fluid coupling?

Low viscosity liquids such as multi-grade motor oils or automatic transmission fluids are used in fluid couplings.

5. Can fluid couplings act as hydrodynamic brakes?

Yes, fluid couplings can act as hydrodynamic brakes, dissipating rotational energy as heat through frictional forces (both viscous and fluid/container).

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